Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common and associated with an increased mortality, frequently as a result of kidney failure and cardiovascular disease [1–3]. Chronic kidney disease has been described as a worldwide public health problem [ 2 ], with a prevalence of ∼12% in the USA [ 4 ] and Europe [ 5 ]. Purpose. The serum (blood) creatinine test is a blood test used to check how well your kidneys are filtering your blood. It is usually ordered in combination with other tests as part of a bundle called the “basic metabolic panel” (BMP) or “comprehensive metabolic panel” (CMP). It is one of the most frequently ordered lab tests and is Tests of renal function have utility in identifying the presence of renal disease, monitoring the response of kidneys to treatment, and determining the progression of renal disease. According to the National Institutes of Health, the overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is approximately 14%. Worldwide, the most common causes of Several studies and meta-analyses have been performed in the last 10 years examining the impact of chronic kidney disease in rates of acute kidney injury in hospital inpatients, and the impact of de novo acute kidney injury on subsequent kidney function and rates of end stage renal disease in survivors. n=233,803 Inpatients aged>67yrs. Lupus nephritis is a type of kidney disease caused by systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE or lupus). Lupus is an autoimmune disease —a disorder in which the body’s immune system attacks the body’s own cells and organs. Kidney disease caused by lupus may get worse over time and lead to kidney failure. If your kidneys fail, you will need The two main causes of kidney disease are diabetes and high blood pressure.. These two conditions were the primary diagnosis in 76% of kidney failure cases between 2015-2017: 47% of new KFRT patients had a primary diagnosis of diabetes, the leading cause of KFRT, while 29% of new KFRT patients had a primary diagnosis of hypertension, the second leading cause of KFRT. In conjunction with the history, physical examination, and laboratory testing, the urinalysis plays a central role in evaluating acute and chronic kidney disease. In addition, abnormal findings on a routine urinalysis, even in an otherwise asymptomatic patient, may be the first evidence of underlying kidney disease. 3zs1f.